Latvia has ordered 841 Russian citizens to leave the country by mid-October, after they failed to meet new residency requirements introduced in the wake of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. According to Politico, the individuals in question did not pass the Latvian language proficiency test and national security screening required to remain in the country legally.

Stricter Rules for Russian Residents

Following the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, the Latvian government significantly tightened its immigration and residency laws for Russian nationals. To continue living in Latvia, they must now demonstrate at least A2-level proficiency in the Latvian language — a basic level allowing everyday communication — and undergo a background check conducted by national security services.

The new rules affect around 30,000 Russian citizens residing in Latvia, many of whom have lived there since Soviet times or hold permanent residence permits issued before 2022.

Most affected residents have either passed the required exams, filed necessary documentation, or left the country voluntarily. However, 841 individuals ignored the legal requirements, leading Latvian authorities to initiate deportation procedures.

Context: Postwar Tensions and National Identity

The move reflects broader efforts by Latvia — a NATO and EU member state with a large Russian-speaking minority — to strengthen national security and reduce Moscow’s political influence.

Latvian officials argue that language proficiency is a matter of national cohesion and resilience, particularly at a time of heightened regional instability. Critics, however, warn that the policy risks alienating elderly or long-term Russian-speaking residents who struggle to learn the language or navigate the bureaucratic process.

Latvia’s Interior Ministry has defended the decision, stating that it is not targeting ethnicity, but rather enforcing compliance with immigration law.

“Respect for the Latvian language and constitution is essential for anyone wishing to live in our country,” said a government spokesperson, emphasizing that the policy was adopted in the interest of national security and integration.

A Wider Regional Trend

Latvia’s approach mirrors similar policies in neighboring Baltic states. Estonia and Lithuania have also moved to tighten citizenship and residence regulations for Russian nationals since 2022, citing security concerns and the need to ensure loyalty among residents.

As of now, the 841 Russian citizens ordered to leave have until October 15 to depart voluntarily. If they fail to comply, they may face forced deportation and future bans on re-entry into the Schengen Area.