In an era where Europe grapples with energy sustainability and independence, Romania and Albania, two Balkan nations, are taking significant strides towards revolutionising their energy sectors. These moves come at a crucial time as Europe’s energy grid, a complex network interconnecting various national electricity systems, faces increasing demand for renewable sources amidst growing concerns over climate change and fossil fuel dependency.
Romania has boldly committed to investing nearly €2.1 billion in its quest for climate neutrality by 2050, aiming for a remarkable 99 percent reduction in emissions from 1999 levels. This investment, subject to government approval, will be directed towards transforming its three major energy-consuming sectors: road transport, construction, and industry. Plans include the adoption of high-efficiency machinery and equipment, alongside new vehicles and advanced heating and cooling systems. Furthermore, a significant portion of this funding is earmarked for enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings, a move that aligns with Europe’s broader energy goals.
Albania, blessed with a sunny climate, is augmenting its solar energy production. The country is installing almost 235,000 solar panels at the Karavasta power station, situated near a national park. This venture, managed by the French-owned Voltalia company, represents the largest solar plant in the Western Balkans. Covering 200 hectares of land provided by the Albanian government, the plant is poised to generate 140 megawatts of power, sufficient to supply hundreds of thousands of homes in a nation with a population of 2.8 million.
Currently, Albania relies heavily on hydroelectric power, which accounts for about 99 percent of its electricity. However, the country’s aging energy infrastructure, coupled with regular droughts, has hindered its ability to meet the growing demands of its burgeoning tourist industry. The addition of the Karavasta solar panels, expected to ensure stable power production, marks a significant shift in Albania’s energy landscape.
Despite Albania’s push towards green energy, the country continues to extract roughly 650,000 tonnes of crude oil annually, utilising outdated infrastructure. Environmentalists have long criticised this for its detrimental impact on local communities. However, engineers like Luca Anthouard see potential along Albania’s coastline for large-scale solar parks, suitable for the development of projects that meet European standards.
These developments in Romania and Albania signify a broader trend in the Western Balkans towards sustainable energy sources. They represent a crucial pivot away from fossil fuels, aligning with the European Union’s long-term objectives for energy security and climate action. This transition is particularly significant in the context of Europe’s interconnected energy grid, which requires harmonisation and cooperation among member states to achieve a balance between energy supply, environmental protection, and economic growth. As Europe moves towards a greener future, the initiatives of Romania and Albania offer a glimpse into the potential transformations that can be achieved in the energy sector.
