As one of Europe’s most enchanting destinations, Croatia has experienced a remarkable surge in tourism over the past few decades. While this boom has significantly boosted the economy, it has also introduced the challenges of overtourism, especially in iconic cities like Dubrovnik and Split. This article explores the state of tourism in Croatia, the implications of overtourism, and the measures being taken to address these concerns.
Croatia, nestled along the Adriatic Sea, offers a rich tapestry of cultural heritage, stunning coastlines, and over a thousand islands. Cities such as Dubrovnik, often called the „Pearl of the Adriatic,” and Split, home to the ancient Diocletian’s Palace, have become major attractions for international travelers. In 2019, Croatia welcomed approximately 21 million tourists, marking a significant increase from just 5 million in 2000. That same year saw over 108 million overnight stays, according to the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Tourism contributes to around 20% of Croatia’s GDP, one of the highest percentages in the European Union.
The term „overtourism” describes destinations where the influx of tourists exceeds the environment’s capacity to cope, leading to a decline in the quality of life for residents and a degraded visitor experience. Dubrovnik faces particular challenges. In 2017, UNESCO warned that the city could lose its World Heritage status due to overcrowding and unmanaged tourism. On peak days, up to 10,000 cruise ship passengers disembark, overwhelming the city’s medieval streets. Plitvice Lakes National Park is also under pressure. Famous for its cascading lakes and waterfalls, the park saw over 1.7 million visitors in 2019, raising concerns about environmental degradation.
Environmental degradation is a significant concern, as increased foot traffic leads to erosion, waste management issues, and strain on natural resources. Cultural erosion is another issue; the influx of tourists can dilute local customs and traditions, turning cultural sites into commercial hotspots. Housing and living costs have risen, as short-term rentals become more profitable than long-term housing, driving up costs and pushing residents out of city centers. Infrastructure strain is evident, with public services like transportation, water supply, and sanitation systems facing overloads during peak seasons.
Recognizing the threats posed by overtourism, Croatian authorities and local communities have implemented several strategies. Visitor caps have been introduced; Dubrovnik, for example, set a limit of 4,000 visitors per day to the Old Town and restricted the number of cruise ships docking simultaneously. There is a concerted effort to promote lesser-known destinations. Marketing campaigns aim to highlight other regions, such as Slavonia and the Istrian hinterland, to distribute tourist traffic more evenly. Sustainable tourism initiatives are being encouraged, including eco-friendly practices among businesses and tourists alike, and infrastructure investments are being made to handle tourist volumes without compromising the environment. Regulations on short-term rentals are also being tightened, with stricter licensing and taxation on platforms like Airbnb to control the impact on the housing market.
The COVID-19 pandemic offered a brief respite from overtourism, with international arrivals dropping significantly in 2020 and 2021. However, as global travel resumes, Croatia faces the challenge of balancing economic recovery with sustainable tourism practices. Early reports indicated a strong recovery in 2022, with tourist numbers reaching 70-80% of pre-pandemic levels. The Croatian National Tourist Board is developing long-term strategies that focus on quality over quantity, aiming to attract tourists who are more likely to contribute positively to the local economy and culture.
Croatia’s allure as a tourist destination is undeniable, with its rich history, natural beauty, and warm hospitality. However, the challenges of overtourism highlight the need for sustainable practices that protect the nation’s heritage and environment. By implementing thoughtful strategies and engaging all stakeholders, Croatia can pave the way for a tourism model that benefits both visitors and residents alike.
